Source Data is listed here and converted to common data on the cheminfo sheet.
Chemical: (Z)-2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene
CSID: 4575651 Chem Spider Link
CAS #: 1501-60-6
SMILES: C=C(C)/C=CC
Assignment 2 and Final Paper:
I would like to do surfactants and builders in Detergents since all my work, research, and focus at work is on. I can do history, what is involved in detergents or just talk about the chemistry of how surfactants and builders work in chemically. Thanks.
Summary: Shen, C.Y.; Dyroff, D.R. (1966) “Hydrolyic Degradation of Sodium Tripolyphosphate in Concentrated Solutions and in Presence of Foreign Ions” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 5 (2) 97-100 DOI Link
Abstract -Sodium Tripolyphosphate rate of degradation is first order and affected by concentration of solids or sodium ions and to a smaller degree by traces of multivalent cations.
Introduction -Sodium Tripolyphosphate is a builder in detergent formulations. -Tripolyphosphate’s rate of degradation seems to be of first order kinectics. -The previous results did not take in consideration the different variables such as catalytic effects of metal ions and concentrated solutions versus dilute solutions -Purpose of the paper’s work is to take in consideration of different variables of a concentrated solutions, effect of metal ions, and effect of chelating agents.
Experimental Chemicals -Description of the chemicals used in the experiment and preparation of the chemicals.
Procedure and Conditions -Description of the conditions and procedures of the Tripolyphosphate and flasks are given. -Descriptions of the conditions and procedures of the potassium acetate solution are explained. Experimenters gave a description of the ion exchange chromatography set up and execution. -Procedures and conditions of the test solutions, steel capsules, hot oil bath, and acetone dry ice mixture are described.
Results and Discussion Na5P3O10-Na2SO4-Na2Si03-H2O Series -This series of test solutions were used to imitate the aqueous phase of the detergent slurry. This showed that the solubility of Tripolyphosphates was affected by high pH and high concentration of other salts. -The addition of disodium EDTA to the test solutions kept the pH of the solution near 11.1 -Higher temperature, 70oC, reduced the degradation rate of Tripolyphosphate. -Confirmed the first order rate of degradation of Tripolyphosphate and total solids concentration increased the first order constant exponentially. -Pyro- and Orthophosphate did not follow first-order reaction -Mole ratio of Pyro- and Orthophosphate did not follow 1:1 and the cause of the deviation is not sulfate and silicate anions. -One possible explanation is that the products retain first-order kinetics, is that the formation of an activated complex of Tripolyphosphate occurs first and the deactivation step is not rate controlling. -The activated complex of Tripolyphosphate’s actual composition is uncertain because of water and cations. -The postulated reaction does not take in account of phosphate polyanions complexes and alkali metal cations but is more adequate than previous equation. - The 35% solution (most concentration) maintained the first order kinetics at 100oC and 120oC and the activation energy is within the expected range.
Effects of Fe(III), Ca(II), Cl-, SO4-2, and EDTA on Degradation of Tripolyphosphate -Test solutions studies were conducted at 70oC and the pH decreased to 7 as the reaction occurred. -Tripolyphosphate’s degradation is pseudo zero-order reaction because of the variation of pH and concentrations. -Pyro- and Orthophosphate followed the same pattern shown for buffered solutions. -The degradation rate increased in the presence of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. -Different cations and anions had different effects on the degradation rate. FE (III) increased the degradation rate while Ca (II) decreased the degradation rate. Multivalent cations had a greater effect on increasing the degradation rate than univalent ions.
Conclusion -The concentration of the solutions and the univalent and multivalent ions has an effect on the degradation rate of the Tripolyphosphate. This should be considered in the overall rate of degradation of Tripolyphosphate in solutions. The overall reaction kinetics is confirmed to be first-ordered.
Assignment one:
Inputted on 11/7/2012
Source Data is listed here and converted to common data on the cheminfo sheet.
Chemical: (Z)-2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene
CSID: 4575651 Chem Spider Link
CAS #: 1501-60-6
SMILES: C=C(C)/C=CC
PROPERTIES:
Boiling Point:
64.5C Wolfram Alpha
77.0C Guide Chem
Melting Point:
-117.6C Wolfram Alpha
Density:
1.029 g/cm3 Wolfram Alpha
0.707 g/cm3 Guide Chem
Refractive Index:
1.44511 Wolfram Alpha
1.421 Guide Chem
Vapour Pressure:
108 mmHG at 25C Guide Chem
Chemical: 2-methyl-4 (5)-nitroimidazole
CSID: 12236 Chem Spider Link
CAS: 696-23-1
SMILES: [O-][N+](=O)c1cnc(n1)C
PROPERTIES:
Melting Point:
254C-256C Springer Link
Boiling Point:
399.5C Sigma Aldrich
Flash Point:
195.4C Sigma Aldrich
LD50 Oral-rat:
1540mg/kg Sigma Aldrich
Density:
1.426 g/cm3 Look Chem
Vapour Pressure:
3.14 E-06 mmHG at 25C Chem Net
Refractive Index:
1.591 Chem Cas
Log P
0.42 DOI Link
Chemical: 21h,23h-porphine
CSID: 10447586 Chem Spider Link
CAS: 101-60-0
SMILES: n2c3cc5nc(cc4ccc(cc1C=Cc(n1)cc2cc3)n4)C=C5
PROPERTIES:
Density:
1.336 g/cm3 Wolfram Alpha
1.353 g/cm3 Look Chem
Boiling Point:
804.4C Look Chem
Flash Point:
377.5C Weiku
Chemical: debrisoquin
CSID: 2860 Chem Spider Link
CAS: 1131-64-2
SMILES:N=C(N)N1Cc2ccccc2CC1
PROPERTIES:
Boiling Point:
309.8C Weiku
Flash point:
141.1C Weiku
Vapour Pressure:
0.000626 mm HG at 25C Chem Net
Log P:
0.58 Drug Bank
1.07 Drug Bank
pKa:
0 Drug Bank
Chemical:(2R)-3-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenoxy)-1,2-propanediol
CSID:8784747 Chem Spider Link
CAS: 329966-17-8
SMILES: c1(c(cccc1OC)OCC(CO)O)OC
Melting Point:
93-96 C DOI Link
Chemical:pentane, 2,2-dichloro-
CSID: 125208 Chem Spider Link
CAS: 34887-14-4
SMILES: CC(Cl)(Cl)CCC
PROPERTIES:
Melting Point:
129.9 C ChemNet
Density:
1053 g/cm3 ChemNet
Refractive Index:
1.434 ChemNet
Flash Point:
31.5 C ChemNet
Vapour Pressure:
12.1 mmHG at 25C ChemNet
Assignment 2 and Final Paper:
I would like to do surfactants and builders in Detergents since all my work, research, and focus at work is on. I can do history, what is involved in detergents or just talk about the chemistry of how surfactants and builders work in chemically. Thanks.
Summary:
Shen, C.Y.; Dyroff, D.R. (1966) “Hydrolyic Degradation of Sodium Tripolyphosphate in Concentrated Solutions and in Presence of Foreign Ions” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 5 (2) 97-100 DOI Link
Abstract
-Sodium Tripolyphosphate rate of degradation is first order and affected by concentration of solids or sodium ions and to a smaller degree by traces of multivalent cations.
Introduction
-Sodium Tripolyphosphate is a builder in detergent formulations.
-Tripolyphosphate’s rate of degradation seems to be of first order kinectics.
-The previous results did not take in consideration the different variables such as catalytic effects of metal ions and concentrated solutions versus dilute solutions
-Purpose of the paper’s work is to take in consideration of different variables of a concentrated solutions, effect of metal ions, and effect of chelating agents.
Experimental
Chemicals
-Description of the chemicals used in the experiment and preparation of the chemicals.
Procedure and Conditions
-Description of the conditions and procedures of the Tripolyphosphate and flasks are given.
-Descriptions of the conditions and procedures of the potassium acetate solution are explained. Experimenters gave a description of the ion exchange chromatography set up and execution.
-Procedures and conditions of the test solutions, steel capsules, hot oil bath, and acetone dry ice mixture are described.
Results and Discussion
Na5P3O10-Na2SO4-Na2Si03-H2O Series
-This series of test solutions were used to imitate the aqueous phase of the detergent slurry. This showed that the solubility of Tripolyphosphates was affected by high pH and high concentration of other salts.
-The addition of disodium EDTA to the test solutions kept the pH of the solution near 11.1
-Higher temperature, 70oC, reduced the degradation rate of Tripolyphosphate.
-Confirmed the first order rate of degradation of Tripolyphosphate and total solids concentration increased the first order constant exponentially.
-Pyro- and Orthophosphate did not follow first-order reaction
-Mole ratio of Pyro- and Orthophosphate did not follow 1:1 and the cause of the deviation is not sulfate and silicate anions.
-One possible explanation is that the products retain first-order kinetics, is that the formation of an activated complex of Tripolyphosphate occurs first and the deactivation step is not rate controlling.
-The activated complex of Tripolyphosphate’s actual composition is uncertain because of water and cations.
-The postulated reaction does not take in account of phosphate polyanions complexes and alkali metal cations but is more adequate than previous equation.
- The 35% solution (most concentration) maintained the first order kinetics at 100oC and 120oC and the activation energy is within the expected range.
Effects of Fe(III), Ca(II), Cl-, SO4-2, and EDTA on Degradation of Tripolyphosphate
-Test solutions studies were conducted at 70oC and the pH decreased to 7 as the reaction occurred.
-Tripolyphosphate’s degradation is pseudo zero-order reaction because of the variation of pH and concentrations.
-Pyro- and Orthophosphate followed the same pattern shown for buffered solutions.
-The degradation rate increased in the presence of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.
-Different cations and anions had different effects on the degradation rate. FE (III) increased the degradation rate while Ca (II) decreased the degradation rate. Multivalent cations had a greater effect on increasing the degradation rate than univalent ions.
Conclusion
-The concentration of the solutions and the univalent and multivalent ions has an effect on the degradation rate of the Tripolyphosphate. This should be considered in the overall rate of degradation of Tripolyphosphate in solutions. The overall reaction kinetics is confirmed to be first-ordered.